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Average rating: 4/5

Based on 27 ratings

The Shock Doctrine: The Rise Of Disaster Capitalism

by Naomi Klein

Knopf Canada | July 29, 2008 | Trade Paperback

Winner of the 2009 Warwick Prize for Writing

"Only a crisis - actual or perceived - produces real change. When that crisis occurs, the actions that are taken depend on the ideas that are lying around."
-Milton Friedman

The shock doctrine is the unofficial story of how the "free market" came to dominate the world, from Chile to Russia, China to Iraq, South Africa to Canada. But it is a story radically different from the one usually told. It is a story about violence and shock perpetrated on people, on countries, on economies. About a program of social and economic engineering that is driving our world, that Naomi Klein calls "disaster capitalism."

Based on breakthrough historical research and four years of on-the-ground reporting in disaster zones, Klein explodes the myth that the global free market triumphed democratically, and that unfettered capitalism goes hand-in-hand with democracy. Instead, she argues it has consistently relied on violence and shock, and reveals the puppet strings behind the critical events of the last four decades.

"The shock doctrine" is the influential but little understood theory that in order to push through profoundly unpopular policies that enrich the few and impoverish the many, there needs to be some kind of collective crisis or disaster - either real or manufactured. A crisis that opens up a "window of opportunity" - when people and societies are too disoriented to protect their own interests - for radically remaking countries using the trademark tactic of rapid-fire economic shock therapy and, all too often, less metaphorical forms of shock: the shock of the police truncheon, the Taser gun or the electric prod in the prison cell.

Klein vividly traces the origins of modern shock tactics back to the economic lab of the University of Chicago under Milton Friedman in the 60s, and beyond to the CIA-funded electroshock experiments at McGill University in the 50s which helped write the torture manuals used today at Guantanamo Bay. She details, in this riveting - indeed shocking - story, the well-known events of the recent past that have been deliberate, active theatres for the shock doctrine: among them, Pinochet's coup in Chile in 1973, the Falklands War in 1982, the Tiananmen Square Massacre in 1989, the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991; and, more recently, the September 11 attacks, the "Shock and Awe" invasion of Iraq, the Asian tsunami and Hurricane Katrina. And she shows how - in the hands of the Bush Administration - the "war on terror" is a thin cover for a thriving destruction/ reconstruction complex, with disasters, wars and homeland security fuelling a booming new economy. Naomi Klein has once again written a book that will change the way we see the world.

"The world is a messy place, and someone has to clean it up."
-Condoleezza Rice, September 2002, on the need to invade Iraq

"George's answer to any problem at the ranch is to cut it down with a chainsaw. Which I think is why he and Cheney and Rumsfeld get along so well."
-Laura Bush

From Chile to China to Iraq, torture has been a silent partner in the global free market crusade. But torture is more than a tool used to enforce unwanted policies on rebellious peoples; it is also a metaphor of the shock doctrine's underlying logic. Torture, or in CIA language "coercive interrogation," is a set of techniques designed to put prisoners into a state of deep disorientation and shock in order to force them to make concessions against their will. ...The shock doctrine mimics this process precisely, attempting to achieve on a mass scale what torture does one on one in the interrogation cell. ...The original disaster - the coup, the terrorist attack, the market meltdown, the war, the tsunami, the hurricane - puts the entire population into a state of collective shock. The falling bombs, the bursts of terror, the pounding winds serve to soften up whole societies much as the blaring music and blows in the torture cells soften up prisoners. Like the terrorized prisoner who gives up the names of comrades and renounces his faith, shocked societies often give up things they would otherwise fiercely protect.

-from Shock Doctrine


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  • Community Reviews
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    "... and so Milton Friedman walked into the flames, sprouted horns and a tail, and chuckled sinisterly to himself about the destruction he had wrought." Naomi Klein would have been better to have ended her well researched but utterly unconvincing tome in this way, as her central premise - that Friedman and the Chicago School of monetarist economists are responsible for most of the world's evils the past 40 years - is utter fiction.

    Klein has meticulously footnoted (nearly 1,000) her work, drawing extensively from the past four decades of press, and recounts in chilling detail the abuses and horrors of that period's economic and political upheaval, and of its personal suffering (torture including electric shocks): Latin America, including the dictatorships of Argentina and Chile; Eastern Europe, including Poland and Russia's transitions to democracy; Asia, including Indonesia's Suharto era and China's Tiananmen Square massacre; the transition from apartheid in South Africa; and even some events in the US (Hurricane Katrina and New Orleans) and the UK (coal miners' strike and the Falklands war).

    It's hard to imagine a common thread between these events, but Klein asserts that they all share the "Shock Doctrine"; the forced imposition of major societal change based on events so dramatic the populace loses all resistance. These events may be natural disasters (Katrina), political revolutions (both too and from democracy), or state sponsored terror (civilian disappearances and torture), but in each case their common element is Friedman's economic policies which were designed to cause or enhance the "shock".

    In Klein's view, the Chicago School economic policies ("radical free markets" in her words) are directly responsible for the longevity of dictatorships (Pinochet), the quick demise of nascent democratic governments (Poland, Russia), the economic hardships of working people (everywhere), the increasing inequity between wealthy and poor (everywhere), and the transfer of wealth from sovereign countries to western multinational companies (no mention of the opposite via soveriegn wealth funds).

    Unfortunately Klein spends very little time on the Monetarists' economic underpinnings, why they believed theirs was the best economic policy, how it differed from Keynes' views (who she refers to often, but again with very little economic insight), or what economic policies she would prescribe instead. This book ends up as just a litany of the world's evils. Klein is also inconsistent in her views. She rails against the IMF for loaning funds irresponsibly to developing nations, but later complains when it doesn't lend funds to other countries. She points out the terrible impact of high inflation, then complains about the high interest rate policies implemented to combat it.

    There's no denying the terrible events during this period, that economic policies played a major role and that those same policies may drive economic growth to the benefit of the rich and powerful at the expense of the poor. As a recounting of this history, "The Shock Doctrine" delivers the goods. As a cogent argument to support a thesis, the book is a complete failure. For a more compelling, thoughtful and believable critique of Friedman, see Hyman Minsky's "Stabilizing an Unstable Economy", which is all thought and no news clippings.

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    Excellent book that will educate you on the real ways of politics and economic reform in the modern world. This book will also give some insight as to why the world views the USA as it does and perhaps offer some idea's for change. Capitalism at its finest.

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    Rating: 4/5

    Washington Concensus Exposed

    Coach C

    • Top Book Reviewer

    4 years ago

    The shock therapy advocated by neoliberal conservatives in the US is well-documented in most academic circles but Naomi Klein expands the criticisms to a wider much more general audience in "The Shock Doctrine".

    The book is long by most popular non-fiction standards and certainly she stretches her argument in a few cases to make her point, but overall the book is well-researched with the sections on Iraq and New Orleans being the most effective.

    The backlash against Milton Friedman and his Chicago School of Economics is perhaps the greatest where it's effects were felt the most, namely in Latin America. Almost every single country has not rejected neoliberalism led by leftists such as Chavez in Venezuala.

    If you are unaware of Milton Friedman, the Washington Concensus and the Chicago School of Economics, this book will be an eye-opener for sure.

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    Rating: 5/5

    An uproarious wake up call!

    Othon Leon

    4 years ago

    It's the economy, stupid.

    Do you have any idea of how much terror represents as a business?. Well, I didn't. After the economic "e-bubble" ended some years ago, the option at hand to push the economy was terror...

    In this latest, well documented N. Klein's book, beginning in Montreal with the CIA's mind experiments back in the 50's, you'll be taken by the hand in tour from the University of Chicago campus to Buenos Aires, Santiago, La Paz, Caracas, New Orleans, New York, Beirut, Tel Aviv, etc. and to practically every place on Earth, that from those days, has represented an opportunity to put into practice what the author calls the "destruction capitalism" practices or M. Friedman's ideas on how to end (once and for all) with keynisian economics in the world, thanks to natural or man's created catastrophes.

    An interesting interpretation to the most significant economic, political, social, cultural, etc. events in our world for the past 50 or 60 years... and a brilliant analogy between 1950's CIA's attempts to "erase" the mind of individuals to "recreate it" and attempts to "shock" economic systems to profit out of them...

    Also shocking is Klein's disclosure of Latin America as an "economic shocking therapy" laboratory beginning with Chile's coup / Allende's killing back in '73.

    Then, I found particularly fascinating Klein's explanation on the consequences (political and economic) of the Berlin's wall fall back in '89 (trust me, it's nothing to do with what thought you knew).

    The upcoming described world, is to say the least, scary as hell. A kind of "Big Brother" world divided by walls, monitored by state of the art devices, and most of all, composed of very rich and very poor people... being only the first the ones who can pay for efficient healthcare, security, decent food, etc.

    You cannot miss this book.

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